1

2

2

Opening Bids

1* - Artificial, 16+ HCP, any distribution except for 22-23 HCP balanced hands.

1 - 11-15 HCP, 3+ diamonds, no 5-card majors.

1/1 - 11-15 HCP, 5+ card suit.

1NT - 13-15 HCP, no 5-card majors.

2 - 11-15 HCP, either 6+ club suit or 5 club suit plus a 4-card major suit.

2* - 11-15 HCP, mini Roman. 4414 or 4405 with singleton or void in diamonds.

2/2 - 7-10 HCP, 6+ suit, weak.

2NT - 22-23 HCP, balanced.

3/3 - 8+ HCP, 7+ semi-solid suit.

3NT - Gambling, one 7+ solid minor suit.

Responses to 1

1

(1) Negative

1* - 0-7 HCP, negative.

1* - Impossible negative - 8+ HCP, 4441 distribution. In rebid, responder either jumps in no-trump if opener bids his short suit; or jumps in his short suit if opener bids anything else.

After 1 - 1

1NT - 16-18 balanced, may have 5 card minor

Pass - 0-4 HCP, balanced.

2 - 5-7 HCP, Stayman

2 - Jacoby transfer to hearts.

2 - Jacoby transfer to spades.

2NT - 7 HCP, inviting 3NT.

Jump in new suit - Impossible negative, singleton in the bid suit.

4 - Gerber.

4/4 - Texas transfer to 4/4.

2NT - 19-21 balanced, may have 5 card minor.

Pass - 0-3 HCP

3 - 4-7 HCP, Stayman

3 - Jacoby transfer to 3

3 - Jacoby transfer to 3

3 - Jacoby transfer to minors

3NT - 4-5 HCP, balanced, sign-off.

4 - Gerber.

4/4 - Texas transfer to 4/4.

3NT - 24-26 balanced, may have 5 card minor

Pass - 0-4 HCP

4 - 5-7 HCP, Baron, slam try

4 - Jacoby transfer to hearts.

4 - Jacoby transfer to spades.

4 - Jacoby transfer to minors.

4NT - Quantitative.

1/1 - maybe 4 card suit with another 5 card minor or only 5 card major.

Pass - 0-3 HCP.

Raise to 2/2 - 4-7 points, including distribution

Raise to 3/3 - 6-7 points, including distribution, 4+ card support.

Raise to 4/4 - 8+ points, good distribution, 4+ card support.

1 - 4-7 HCP, 5 card major.

1NT - 4-7 HCP with no support

2/2 - 5-7 HCP, five card suit, non-forcing

2NT - Impossible negative.

2/2 - 6 card suit or 5 card suit with weak major, or both minors.

Pass - 0-3 HCP.

2/2 - 5+ card suit.

2NT - 5-7 HCP, scattered values, balanced.

2/3 - 5-7 HCP, 6+ card suit

Single raise, non-forcing

3NT - Impossible negative, singleton in partner's suit

Jump to 2/2/3/3 - 22+ HCP. 5 card suit.

Minimum NT - 0-3 HCP, minimum and no support.

Raise - 0-3 HCP, minimum and support

New suit - 4-7 HCP, values in the suit, no support to partner's suit

Opener's rebid - non-forcing

New suit - forcing

Double jump to 3/3 - Ace-asking.

2/2 - 4-7 HCP, 6-card suit; little strength outside.

Pass - Game unlikely.

Raise to game (including 3NT).

New suit* - forcing one round. Rebids:

Raise - 3+ support (or Qx).

Rebid / - minimum, no support.

Cue-bid under 3NT - singleton or void.

2NT* - support in suit, forcing

Rebid / - minimum

New suit - singleton or void in suit bid

3NT - suit with AQ or KQ

4NT - Blackwood.

3/3/3/3 - 4-7 HCP, 7-card suit; little strength outside.

Pass - Game unlikely.

Raise to game.

New suit* - forcing one round. Rebids:

Raise - 3+ support (or Qx).

Rebid / - minimum, no support.

Cue-bid under 3NT - singleton or void.

4NT - Blackwood.

1/1/2/2* - 8+ HCP, 5+ card suit, forcing to game unless both hands are minimum and no fit is found.

New suit* - 5+ card suit, forcing one round. Responder rebids:

8-10 HCP:

New suit - 4-card suit.

Rebid original suit - 6+ card suit, semi-solid for minors.

Raise - 3+ card support.

Minimum no-trump - 5332 distribution, values in unbid suits.

11+ HCP, 4+ controls (A=2 controls, K=1 control): Jump under 3NT.

New suit - 4-card suit.

Rebid own suit - 6+ card suit, semi-solid for minors.

Raise - 3+ card support.

1NT - 8-11 HCP, balanced, no 5 card suit

2 - Stayman and relay for point range

2 - 8-11 HCP, no major

2/2 - 8-11 HCP, 4-card suit

Opener's 2NT rebid is non-forcing

New suit - 16-21 HCP, 5+ card suit.

Jump in new suit - 22+ HCP, 5+ card suit.

2NT - 11-13 HCP or 16+ HCP, balanced.

3 - Baron

3/3/3 - 5+ card suit

3NT - 14-15 HCP, balanced

4 - Baron: modified Stayman asking responder to start bidding his 4 card suit starting from lowest

Double -

Pass - 0-4 HCP

1 - 5-8 HCP, no major

Suit - 5-8 HCP, 5+ card suit; without changes for constructive responses.

Redouble - 9+ HCP

At 1 level -

Pass - 0-4 HCP

Suit - 5-8 HCP, 5+ card suit

1NT - 6-8 HCP, with a stopper

2NT - 9-11 HCP, with a stopper

3NT - 12-14 HCP, with a stopper

Double - 5-8 HCP or 9+ HCP, takeout, with 9+ bid again (notrump or cuebid rebid shows no stopper)

Cuebid - 9+ HCP, short in overcall suit, forcing

1NT -

Pass - 0-4 HCP

Suit - 5-8 HCP, 5+ card suit

Double - penalty oriented

At 2 level -

Pass - 0-4 HCP or 9+ HCP with strength in opponents suit

Suit - 5-8 HCP, 5+ card suit

Double - 9+ HCP, optional

At 3 level -

Double - penalty oriented

After intervention to asking bids (P0D1):

Double - 1 step

Pass - 2 steps

Trump suit asking bids

After a 1 opening and positive response in a suit, opener's direct single raise of partner's suit requests responder to define his trump holding. Responder rebids conventionally by steps:

1 step - No top honor

2 steps - 5 card suit, 1 top honor

3 steps - 5 card suit, 2 top honors

4 steps - 6 card suit, 1 top honor

5 steps - 6 card suit, 2 top honors

6 steps - 5+ card suit, 3 top honors

Asking for total controls (A=2 controls, K=1 control)

1 step - 0-2 controls

2 steps - 3 controls

3 steps - 4 controls

...

Control asking bids

After trump-asking bids, any new suit bid by opener is asking for holding in that suit.

1st step - 3 or more low cards (No control)

2nd step - Doubleton or Qxx (3rd round control)

3rd step - Singleton or Kx (2nd round control)

4th step - void or Ace (1st round control)

5th step - AK or AQ (Two top controls)

Any subsequent new-suit bid is also control-asking, the responses are now:

1 step - no control

2 steps - Singleton or Kx (2nd round control)

3 steps - void or Ace (1st round control)

4 steps - AK or AQ (Two top controls)

Responses to 1

1

Pass - 0-7 HCP.

1/1* - 8-15 HCP, 4+ card suit, forcing one round. 1 denies 4-card suit.

11-13 HCP

1 over 1, 4-card suit, denies 4-card suit.

1NT - sign-off

2* - fourth-suit forcing, "do something clever!".

1NT - Balanced, denies 4-card support.

2* - new-minor forcing, check-back.

2 - 6+ card or good 5-card suit, no 4-card major.

2 - unbalanced, 5-4 in minors, no 4-card major.

14-15 HCP

Double raise - 4-card support.

3 - 6+ card suit, no 4-card major.

3 - unbalanced, at least 5-5 in minors, no 4-card major.

1NT - 8-10 HCP, balanced, no major.

2/2* - Inverted minors, 11-15 HCP, 4+ card suit, forcing, responder denies a 4-card major. Opener rebids:

11-13 HCP

2 - stopper in , no stopper in .

2 - stopper in , no stopper in .

2NT - stopper in both majors.

2/3 - no stopper in majors

14-15 HCP, forcing to game

3 - stopper in , no stopper in .

3 - stopper in , no stopper in .

3NT, stopper in both majors.

3 - no stopper in majors

2/2/3 - Jump shift 16+ HCP, game forcing, 5+ suit.

Raise - 3+ card support

3NT - 11-13 HCP, balanced, poor support

3 - 11-13 HCP, unbalanced, poor support

New Suit - 4+ card suit, 14-15 HCP, poor support

Jump rebids - good 6 card suit

2NT* -

2NT (not a passed hand) - 16+ HCP, balanced

3 - 11-13 HCP, unbalanced

3NT - 11-13 HCP, balanced hand

3 - 14-15 balanced

3/3/4/4 -- 14-15 HCP, unbalanced, 4+-card suit

2NT (passed hand) - 10-12 HCP, very strong support or style

3 - asking for singleton

3 - minimum opening 11-13 HCP

3 - up to 10 HCP, preemptive; 5+-card support for diamonds

3NT - 14-15 HCP, balanced.

Double:

2NT - 10-11 HCP, support in

3 - 6-9 HCP, preempt

Redouble - 11+ HCP

Suite call up to 2 level:

Double - 8-10 HCP, other 4-card major, negative

Suite call - 5-card suit for major

2 - 6-9 HCP, support in

3 - 10-11 HCP.

1NT - 8-10 HCP, balanced, stopper in opponent's suit

2NT - 11-13 HCP, balanced, stopper in opponent's suit

Responses to 1/1

1

1

1

Pass - 0-7 HCP, poor support.

2/2 - Limited raise, 8-10 points, distribution points included, at least 3-card support.

3/3 - trump suit game try

New suit - short suit game try

3/3/3 after 1-2, singleton or void in the suit bid

2NT/3/3 after 1-2, singleton or void in // suit, respectively

2/2NT relay - ask partner relay to 2NT/3; help suit game try.

2NT (after 1-2-2) -

3 - side suit

3 - side suit

3 - side suit

3 (after 1-2-2NT) -

3 - side suit

3 - side suit

3 - side suit

3/3 - Limited jump raise, 11-13 points (distribution hand, no more than 11 HCP), 4-crad or good 3-card support, e.g., Qxx

4/4 - 14+ HCP, 4-card or longer support (distribution hand, no more than 11 HCP).

1* (over 1)- 8-15 HCP, 4+ card suit

1NT - 11-13 HCP, minimum

2 - 11-13 HCP, 6-card suit, non-forcing

2/2 - 13-15 HCP, non-forcing

2 - 11-13 HCP, 4-card support

2NT - 14-15 HCP, balanced, stoppers in remaining two suits

New suit at 3 level - 14-15 HCP, semi-forcing

3 - good 6-card suit, at least AQJxxx

2/2/2* - 11-15 HCP, maybe 4 card minor suit but 5 card suit

Rebid 2/2 - not necessarily a 6 card suit

Reverse in 2 - 14-15 HCP, forcing

New suit at 2 level - may not be suit, 1 round force

2NT - 11-13 HCP, stoppers in remaining two suits

3/3/3 - 11-13 HCP, good support, non-forcing

Jump in a new suit - 14-15 HCP, good support, control in suit

Jump in original suit - 14-15 HCP, very good 6 card suit

3NT - 15 HCP, stoppers in remaining suits

1NT* - 8-15 HCP, balanced hand with mild support for opener's suit or unbalanced hand with insufficient HCP to justify a 2-over-1 response:

11-13 HCP:

2/2/2 - lower ranking 4-card suit, or better 3-card minor.

Rebids 2/2 - 6 card suit

14-15 HCP:

Jump-rebids 3/3 - 6 card solid suit (at least AKQxxx)

Reverses in a higher ranking suit

Jumps in second 5-card suit

2NT - 5-3-3-2 distribution.

Should responder then rebid a new suit, opener should pass but may raise with maximum and good 3-card support. If responder has high limit (12-15 HCP), he should bid the final contract directly.

Jump Shift* - 16+ HCP, game forcing, strong suit, or good support and fair suit

Raise - 3+ card support

3NT - 11-13 HCP, balanced, poor support

Rebids / - 11-13 HCP, unbalanced, poor support

New Suit - 4+ card suit, 14-15 HCP, poor support

Jump rebids / - good 6 card suit

2NT* -

2NT (not a passed hand) - 16+ HCP, balanced

3 - 11-13 HCP, unbalanced

3NT - 11-13 HCP, balanced hand

3 - 14-15 balanced

3/3/4/4 -- 14-15 HCP, unbalanced, 4+ card suit

2NT (passed hand) - 10-12 HCP, very strong support or style

3 - asking for singleton

3 - minimum opening 11-13 HCP

3/3 - sub minimum opening, 9-12 HCP

4/4 - game call

Double Jump Shift* - Splinter, game forcing, singleton or void in suit to be bid, 4+ card support for opener, slam invitation.

4/4 - to play

New Suit - Cue-bid Ace, slam try.

3NT - 14-15 HCP, usually 4-card support for opener's major, responder lacks a void or singleton in side suit. controls, no singleton or void minimum 4 controls, no singleton or void

After intervention

Double -

Raise - 4-7 HCP, preemptive, following the Law of Total Tricks

1NT - same as the single raise (2/2) without the double

2NT - same as the double raise (3/3) without the double

4/4 - to play

Redouble - 11+ HCP

Suit Overcall -

Pass - 0-7 HCP or 8+ HCP and waiting for penalty if opener reopens with a double

Double - 7-9 HCP, 4-card suit in other major

1NT - 8-10 HCP, stopper in opponent's overcall suit

2NT - 11-12 HCP, stopper in opponent's overcall suit

Cue-bid - 15+ HCP, singleton or void in enemy's suit, forcing.

Responses to 1NT Opening

2 - 8-11 HCP, non-forcing Stayman.

2 - no major

pass - garbage Stayman.

2/2 - five card suit, inviting.

2NT - balanced with one four card major.

3/3 - good but broken 6+ card suit, strongly inviting 3NT.

Jump to 3/ - good but broken 6 card suit, asking for support, strongly inviting game.

2/ - 4-card major ( first if both majors)

Pass - garbage Stayman

2 - five card suit, inviting.

2NT - balanced, with the other 4 card major.

3/3 - good but broken 6+ card suit, strongly inviting 3NT.

Raise - inviting, four card support.

Jump to 3 - good but broken 6 card suit, asking for support, strongly inviting game.

2* - 12+ HCP, game-forcing Stayman.

2/2 - 4-card major ( first if both)

3/3 - 5-card minor suit

2NT - no 4-card major or 5-card minor

3 - Relay asking for opener's distribution shown by:

3 - 3343 only suit

3 - 2344 both minor with 3 card

3 - 3244 both minor with 3 card

3NT - 3334 only suit

2NT - 10-11 HCP, no major, no five card minor.

2/2/3/3 - sign-off.

3/3* - one suited hand, game forcing

3NT - to play

Raise to game - with 3-card support

Cue-bid - slam try

4 - Gerber. "Aces?"

4/ - Texas transfer to 4/.

4NT - 17-18 HCP, balanced, quantitative.

6NT - 19-21 HCP, balanced.

5NT - 22-23 HCP, balanced, "Grand Slam Force".

Double

Pass - weak, nowhere to escape; or 6-11 HCP balanced

Redouble - SOS, requesting partner to bid 2

2/2/2 - ask partner relay to 2/2/2, respectively

2 - forcing, 12+ HCP.

Suit overcall

Double - Penalty

2NT - Lebensohl; forcing partner to bid 3

Suit call at 2 level - 0-6 HCP, sign-off

Suit call at 3 level - 7-10 HCP, inviting (0-6 HCP uses Lebensohl)

3NT - Lebensohl, denies a stopper in enermy's suit; while using Lebensohl 2NT then bid 3NT promises a stopper, "the more you bid notrump the more stoppers you have".

Responses to 2

2

2* - 11+ HCP, conventional and forcing (with fit, may be made with only 8 HCP). Opener rebids:

2 - 11-13 HCP, 4-card suit

2 - 11-13 HCP, 4-card suit

2NT - 11-13 HCP, 6322 balanced hand, 6-card suit, stoppers in two other suits.

3* - to request opener to clarify stoppers. Opener's rebids show:

3* - and suit

3* - and suit

3NT* - and suit

3 - 11-13 HCP, 6-card suit, one other suit stopped.

3* - to request opener to clarify stoppers. Opener's rebids show:

3* - suit

3* - suit

3NT* - suit

3* - 5-card suit (6, 5).

3NT - 14-15 HCP, 6322 balanced hand, 6-card good suit.

3 - 14-15 HCP, 4-card suit

3 - 14-15 HCP, 4-card suit

3/3/3 - Jump shift, 16+ HCP, good 5-card suit. Opener rebids:

3NT - less than 2-card support

Simple raise - minimum, 3-card support

New suit - maximum, 3+ card support, cue-bid Ace, slam try.

2/2 - 8-10 HCP, non-forcing, invitational. Opener may pass with minimum and mild support.

2NT - 10-11 HCP, invitation to 3NT.

3 - 8-10 HCP, 3+ card support, non-forcing, denies 5-card majors. Opener may pass with minimum, try 3NT with maximum.

Negative doubles through 2

Redouble - 10+ HCP

Cuebid - 12+ HCP

Mini-Roman 2

2

Pass - 0-7 HCP, 6 card suit

2/2/3 - 0-7 HCP, minimum 4 card support, sign-off

2NT* - 8+ HCP, forcing one round, asking for strength and pattern

3 - 11-13 HCP, 4414

3 - 14-15 HCP, 4414

3/4 - 11-13 HCP, 4405

3/3 - non-forcing

3/4 - 14-15 HCP, 4405

3/3 - non-forcing

3NT - 14-15 HCP, 4414 with A or K singleton

3 - 0-7 HCP, 4 card suit or 3 card suit with no 3 card suit or 4 card suit

3 - 11-12, very good 6 card suit

Pass - void in

3/3 - good suit, minimum singleton

Suit call -

Double - Penalty

2NT/3* - the same as 2NT asking above

Cuebid - 12+ HCP, forcing

Double/3

Redouble - the same as 2NT asking above

3 of a suit - 9-11 HCP, non-forcing

Responses to 2NT Opening

3* - Baron.

3 - Jacoby transfer to hearts. Often done with 5 hearts.

3 - Jacoby transfer to spades. Often done with 5 spades.

3 - Minor suit sign-off or slam try. Opener rebids:

3NT - preference or, at least, no distinct preference

4 - preference

Responder can cuebid a major to try for slam.

4 - Gerber. "Aces?"

4NT - Quantitative.

Gambling 3NT

4NT - Quantitative. "8th card in the long minor?"

4 - "Pass or bid your suit (if not clubs)."

4 - "Short suit?"

If Responder, after asking for a short suit, bids 5NT - a "Grand Slam Force" of sorts - he is, in fact, asking for a 8th card in the long suit. 3NT Opener rebids 6-of-his-suit with 7-card length, 6 or higher with 8-card length.

Preemptive Opening Bids

2/2 - 7-10 HCP, good 6 card suit, no second major, no void, RONF (Raise is the Only Non-Forcing bid)

New Suit - 11+ HCP, good suit, inviting support, one round force

2NT - 12+ HCP, game likely, relay asking for singleton or void

Suit -Feature, usually a singleton or a void

3NT - Solid 6+ card suit

3/3 - No feature

Raise to 3/3 - pre-emptive

Jump to 4/4 - maybe preemptive, maybe strong, no slam likely

3NT - to play

3/3/3/3 - 7-11 HCP, 7 card semi-solid suit, Rule of 2 and 3

New Suit - forcing 1 round

Others - Natural

Raises - Pre-emptive

Competitive Bidding

1 over 1 - 7+ HCP; 2 over 1 - 9+ HCP - very good suit, watch out the vulnerability!

Raise - 7+ HCP, preemptive

Double Raise - Pre-emptive

Cue-bid - 9+ HCP with support; 11+ HCP if raised next round

Jump in a suit - weak, 6+ card suit

Raise - 7-8 HCP with fit (xxx or doubleton honor)

Cue-bid - 9-11 HCP with support

14+ HCP, at least 5-5 in two higher unbid suits

2NT - 11+ HCP, with 5-5 in 2 lowest unbid suits, "LOTUS" (lower of two usually stronger).

Double - 16+ HCP for weak 1NT (10-12 HCP, 12-14 HCP, or 13-15 HCP), penalty oriented; 13+ HCP for strong 1NT (15-18 HCP), an unnamed good suit, ask partner to bid 2

2 - 11+ HCP, 5-card suit plus a 4+ card major suit

2 - 11+ HCP, majors (at least 9 cards, usually 5-5)

2/2 - 9+ HCP, natural, 6+ card suit or good 5 card suit.

2NT - unusual 2NT (5-5 in both minors), LOTUS is off

Weak 2 of a suit:

Double - 13+ HCP, shortness in opener's suit, 16+ HCP if taken a second bid. Lebensohl is on in the response

2NT - Lebensohl

3 - Double was takeout

Suit lower in rank than the preempt suit - 0-6 HCP, signoff

Suit higher in rank than the preempt suit - 7-10 HCP, inviting

3NT - Slow Lebensohl, promise a stopper in enermy's suit, "the more you bid notrump the more stoppers you have".

Reject the relay, new suit - Double was power double (16+ HCP), 5+ card suit

3NT - to play

3NT - denies a stopper in enermy's suit, "the more you bid notrump the more stoppers you have".

Suit - 13+ HCP, good suit

Weak 3 of a suit

3/3

Double - 16+ HCP, support for both majors

3/3 - 16+ HCP, maybe 4 card suit with a longer minor

Cue-bid - 10+ HCP, asking for better suit if any

Double - 8+ HCP, moderate support

3/3

Double - 16+, with second major

Weak 4 of a suit

4/4 -

Double - 16+ HCP, for penalty with quick tricks

4 -

Double - 16+ HCP, tolerance for

Balancing

Over a suit bid at one level -

Minimum suit bid - 8-13 HCP, usually a 5+-card suit (but may be a good 4-card suit at the one-level). The better your suit, the fewer pts. you need to bid.

1NT - 11-15 HCP (vulnerable 13-16 HCP), with stoppers (or moderate length) in the opponents' suit.

A jump in a new suit - 13-16 HCP, a strong 6+-card suit.

Double - takeout, 10-14 HCP or 15+ HCP, with shortness in the opponent's suit (with 15+ HCP bid again)

Cuebid - Micheal's cuebid, 14+ HCP

2NT - Unusual, showing length in the two lower unbid suits.

Over an opening 1NT - see defending 1NT (the same)

Opponents stop in 1NT - some extra strength to balance over these auctions

Opponents stop in a part score -

Double - takeout

Suit bid - A one-suited hand that doesn't have the right pattern for a takeout double.

2NT - Unusual, showing length in the two lowest unbid suits (usually the minors).

Doubles

Takeout - over minor the takeout double usually promises 4 card suit in both majors, over opponent's major opening promises 4+ card in the other major.

Response is requested even with 0 HCP. Pass indicates a long and solid suit the opponent bid.

Freebid after opponents bid

1 level - 5-8 HCP

2 level - 7-11 HCP

3 -level - 9-13 HCP

1NT - 8-10 HCP, a stopper in opponent's suit

Jump - 9+ HCP

Power double - Rebids or raises after the double, 16+ HCP.

Negative double - through 2

Double opponent's intervention - 8-15 HCP at 1 level; 11-15 HCP at 2 level. Over opponent's overcall in major promises a 4-card other major (direct suit bid indicates 5+ card suit).

Lightner Double - Requesting a unusual opening lead against enemy's slam contract.

Takeout or Penalty? - Double is for penalty if

- Our side has agreed a suit

- Our side has pre-empted

- Our side has bid natural no-trump

- When one partner has defined his shape (e.g., rebid a suit)

- Our side has redoubled